Ameliorative role of phytochemical against smokeless tobacco products (STP) induced gastrointestinal health: An overview

Abstract

Background: Medicinal plants include phytochemicals that help treat a variety of illnesses, including those affecting the digestive system. Gutkha and other smokeless tobacco products can harm the esophagus, stomach, intestines, and mouth. Aims and Objectives: Citrus Medica, Clove, Fennel, Ginger, and Andrographis are among the phytochemicals that may lessen the effects of STP on the GI system, according to studies. This review aims to determine how these medicinal herbs can help avoid GI issues brought on by STP. Materials &methods: We conducted this instructive study using several online resources, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus journal listings, were used to perform this instructive study. We began by summarizing the numerous forms of STP and its general health concerns in light of the various medicinal herbs that are particularly effective in preventing health damage associated with STP. Results: Several tobacco-specific nitrosamine components (NNN, NNK, TSNA, etc.) found in various ST product types induce cancer in various bodily organs and are the source of several organ-specific (GI system) illnesses. Medicinal plants have a powerful effect on the digestive system. Conclusion: According to the study’s findings, STP affects the entire gastrointestinal system and individual organs, and most plant-based bioactive substances can effectively prevent these harms. Keywords: Tobacco, Nicotine, GI tract, Medicinal plants, Phytocompounds