Domestic preparation of Hygrophila spinosa (Kulekhara) decoction mitigates iron deficiency anemia and restores erythropoiesis in an experimental murine model

Abstract

Background: The failure of the anemia eradication program and its inefficacy underscore the need for alternative therapeutic strategies, including herbal remedies. Objectives: This study evaluates the hematinic effects and erythropoiesis in iron deficiency anemia (IDA) of domestically prepared and consumed Hygrophila spinosa (Kulekhara) decoction (KKD). Methods: KKD was prepared by boiling the human equivalent dose in water till the volume was halved. An experimental IDA model was developed with the low-iron diet for a month. Once anemia was established, animals were divided into three groups, namely IDA receiving the vehicle only, IDA+Iron Supplement group with iron supplement, and IDA+KKD group receiving KKD for 2 weeks. After sacrificing, hematological parameters and iron indices were analyzed. The hematinic potential of KKD was assessed through immunophenotypic classification of bone marrow hematopoietic progenitors using Ter119 and CD71 markers. Results: Total hemoglobin concentration, plasma iron levels, and Ter119 and CD71 expression in bone marrow were reduced in IDA and restored significantly in iron supplementation and KKD treatment, with KKD showing better recovery than an iron supplement. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that Kulekhara decoction represents a promising alternative for managing iron deficiency anemia.